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Visualizzazione post con etichetta RAND. Mostra tutti i post

mercoledì 14 ottobre 2015

Cannabis, imprenditore più ricco al mondo: “Legalizzazione è giustizia sociale”

di Davide Turrini

In un libro autobiografico Steve De Angelo, a capo dell'Harborside Health Center di Oakland con 130 dipendenti, parla di 40 anni di attivismo per i diritti civili negli Stati Uniti: "Chi fuma e coltiva marijuana, soprattutto se nero, finisce in cella più spesso di chi compie crimini violenti. E per i contribuenti sono spese folli: 750 dollari ogni arresto per 3,6 miliardi all'anno". Il futuro? "Un massiccio commercio interstatale di cannabis nella costa Ovest"



“La legalizzazione della cannabis significa giustizia sociale”. Parola di Steve DeAngelo, l’imprenditore californiano di marijuana di maggiore successo negli Usa che racconta in un libro autobiografico (The Cannabis Manifesto – A New paradigm of wellness) la sua avventura aziendale e un’intera vita passata sulle barricate della controcultura Usa.


Dal 2006 il 57enne attivista di diritti civili, elegante ed impegnata icona pop al sentore dolciastro di marijuana, è a capo del dispensario medico di cannabis più grande al mondo. Si tratta del Harborside Health Center di Oakland, in California, dove la marijuana è legale per fini terapeutici dal 1996. L’azienda di DeAngelo da allora ha aggiunto un altro ambulatorio/piantagione a San Jose, e in tutto tiene a libro paga più di 130 dipendenti con un giro d’affari da oltre 94.000 clienti.

“A volte mi chiedo perché ho passato la vita a sostenere ogni tipo di riforma nell’ambito della cannabis invece di lavorare, che so, su questioni più urgenti come il cambiamento climatico, l’estinzione della specie, le armi nucleari”, spiega DeAngelo nelle prime pagine della sua biografia. “La risposta breve, e più semplice, è che mi sono innamorato della pianta di cannabis quand’ero adolescente, ma ho sempre odiato essere definito e trattato da criminale. C’erano solo due vie d’uscita quindi: dimenticare la cannabis, o cambiare le leggi in materia. La legalizzazione della cannabis è diventata così un requisito indispensabile per la mia felicità personale. La risposta lunga, invece, è che tutta la mia vita è stata animata da una dedizione alla giustizia sociale in un modo o nell’altro, e la fine del proibizionismo significava intersecare tutte le altre cause di giustizia sociale, dai diritti civili all’ambiente, che ho sostenuto negli anni”.


DeAngelo era già sulle barricate quando appena quattordicenne urlava la sua contrarietà alla guerra in Vietnam. Disobbedienza civile in Pennsylvania Avenue di fronte alla Casa Bianca con i lacrimogeni, gli zoccoli dei cavalli e i manganelli dei poliziotti che martellavano zigomi, braccia e anche del futuro re delle ‘canne’. “Tra i combattimenti di strada ho studiato. E sempre lì ho imparato a conoscere la porta girevole del Pentagono dove entravano e uscivano i grandi appaltatori della difesa statunitense, ma è stata la militarizzazione della guerra governativa contro la droga a definire la mia vita futura”.

Nel mirino di DeAngelo c’è la privatizzazione del sistema carcerario, ma soprattutto il profitto immenso che ne hanno tratto i grandi gruppi industriali che hanno investito in esso: “Rendiamoci conto che un reato di violenza si verifica negli Stati Uniti ogni ventisei secondi negli Stati Uniti, ma invece di arrestare chi commette crimini violenti ogni anno vengono arrestate ben più persone con l’accusa di possedere e fumare marijuana. Ogni arresto per cannabis costa ai contribuenti un minimo di 750 dollari, per un costo annuo stimato di 3,6 miliardi. Ma vi sembra logico tutto ciò?”. Ed è qui che secondo DeAngelo si incrocia il privato con la dimensione pubblica delle battaglie per i diritti civili: i neri sono i più vessati, fermati pregiudizialmente prima dei bianchi, e arrestati comunque, proprio come è successo nel caso di uno dei dipendenti dell’Harborside Helph, caso di cronaca dettagliato e citato nel libro, mentre aiutava un paziente ad assumere cannabis.

E DeAngelo a proprio favore cita proprio il tasso di criminalità quasi azzerato nel quartiere di Oakland dove ha sede il suo dispensario medico: “In un autorevole studio della RAND Corporation 2011 si è scoperto che i dispensari e i coltivatori di cannabis in California hanno fatto talmente bene il loro lavoro che è stato quasi impossibile per i cartelli messicani vendere nel nostro stato la loro merce, più economica, ma di pessima qualità”. La lotta dell’uomo con le treccine e una cannetta perennemente accesa in mano non finisce di certo a Oakland. E’ ora che tutti gli Stati Uniti legalizzino la marijuana (solo 23 stati hanno approvato normative che permettono l’uso per motivi terapeutici, mentre in Colorado, Washington, Alaska, Oregon e Washington D.C. è stata legalizzata a scopo ricreativo ndr): “La California ha il microclima ideale per la coltivazione, probabilmente più di qualsiasi altra parte del mondo, e certamente è il miglior luogo possibile negli Stati Uniti. Ma do comunque un’occhiata allo sviluppo del business negli altri stati Usa e in tutto il mondo. Seguo con più attenzione ciò che succede negli stati confinanti con la California: l’Oregon e il Nevada. Guardo avanti per il giorno in cui avremo il primo massiccio stato regionale per il commercio di cannabis interstatale. Speriamo che accadrà presto qui sulla costa Ovest”.

mercoledì 23 settembre 2015

Politics of pot: how the US cannabis industry plans to spend big in the 2016 election

As marijuana dollars flow to Rand Paul, some advocates are also hopeful about Hillary Clinton's softening drug stance

By Raf Sanchez, Washington

After handing over their campaign donation cheques, the smartly dressed business people took their seats at a large horseshoe table inside the Colorado convention centre.
The room was drab and grey and the gathering looked no different from any of the other daily fundraising events that are pumping hundreds of millions of dollars into the 2016 presidential campaign.
But the business executives being courted by Rand Paul, a libertarian-leaning Republican senator, were not lawyers or bankers or oil men. They were the leaders of America's rapidly growing cannabis industry, men and women becoming rich selling a product that is technically just as illegal as heroin or LSD.
"It was a historic moment," said Tripp Keber, head of Dixie Brands, a company that sells cannabis-infused fizzy drinks and other marijuana products. "This is the first time a presidential candidate has openly dealt with an industry still considered illegal at the federal level."
As marijuana becomes big business in America, its political clout is also growing. Politicians are no longer embarrassed to be seen in public with so-called “pot barons” and the cannabis industry is gearing up to be a significant player in next year’s presidential election.
Just as coal companies and Wall Street banks use campaign dollars to get politicians’ attention, the makers of pot brownies and cannabis tea are prepared to spend big to get their message across. There is even talk of a marijuana super-PAC which could run television ads in support of cannabis-friendly candidates.

The “holy grail” of their lobbying efforts is to get marijuana decriminalised and out of the legal grey zone where it is now stuck.
Under US national law, marijuana is still prohibited but the Obama administration has stepped aside to allow individual states to experiment with legalisation.
That means you buy marijuana perfectly legally under state law while at the same time violating federal laws.
Cannabis is now legal for recreational purposes in four states and can be purchased medicinally in 23 states. Colorado is the heart of America’s marijuana business and laws there are more relaxed than Amsterdam, with marijuana available over the counter in upmarket dispensaries that look like high-end wine shops
Arcview, a firm that gathers investment data, calls cannabis “the fastest growing industry in America” and forecasts it will grow from its current value of $3.4 billion to more than $10 billion by 2019. Last year around 1.5 million Americans are estimated to have bought marijuana products legally under state law.

Yet for all the celebratory news coming out of the industry, business leaders and activists are still trying to strike down the federal ban on cannabis, which they compare to the failed 1920s prohibition on alcohol.
"Marijuana exists on every street corner in America,” said Mr Keber. “Why allow the drug cartels to fill their coffers and fuel narco-terrorism when we can tax it, track it and regulate it?”
And so cannabis supporters are looking for champions among the 2016 presidential candidates. Rand Paul is so far the leading contender and earned an A- ranking from the Marijuana Policy Project (MPP) for his calls to let states decide their own drug laws.
Cannabis leaders responded with more than $100,000 (£65,000) in donations at his Colorado fundraiser, the maximum they could give, and the National Cannabis Industry Association’s political action committee gave another $5,000.
While Bill Clinton famously said he smoked marijuana at Oxford but “did not inhale”, Hillary Clinton maintains that she has never tried cannabis and has no plans to.

Yet with polls showing a majority of Americans believe cannabis should be legal, Mrs Clinton’s own positions have softened and she is open to continuing Barack Obama’s policy of allowing states to experiment with legalisation. “States are laboratories of democracy,” she said last year. “I want to wait and see what the evidence is.”
She was given a B- ranking and activists are hopeful she will recognise marijuana reform is important to parts of the Democratic base. Many younger voters are excited by the idea and it is a racial justice issue for some African Americans, who are disproportionately prosecuted on cannabis charges.
Donald Trump earned a C in the MPP rankings and the harshest grade, an F, was reserved for Chris Christie, the outspoken governor of New Jersey. A former federal prosecutor, Mr Christie promised he would “crack down” and order the FBI to resume raids even in states that have legalised marijuana.
Marijuana advocates are also finding allies among both Democrats and Republicans in Congress. “When I started doing this in 2009 my emails would often go unreturned,” said Dan Riffle, a cannabis lobbyist. “Now people understand this is a serious issue and not just a bunch of stoners in tie-dye saying ‘free the weed.’”

Dana Rohrabacher, a Republican congressman from a conservative district in California, is one of those allies and recently succeeded in passing a provision that bars the US government from prosecuting medical marijuana users in states that have legalised.
Sitting on a leather seat in a Congressional hallway, Mr Rohrabacher reflected on how the debate had changed since he arrived in Congress in 1989. “Talking about marijuana used to be taboo here but it’s not anymore.”
The Republican estimated that he lost around one per cent of the vote among people opposed to legalisation when he came out as a marijuana supporter but that he picked up 5-10 per cent among liberals.
The medical cannabis business in California is worth around $1.3 billion and Mr Rohrbacher said that marijuana executives usually fill one of the seven tables at his fundraising events.

“You’ve got the credit union people sitting at one table and the energy people sitting at one table and now you’ve got the marijuana people sitting there too,” he said. “In all, it’s been a very big plus politically.”
Tripp Keber, the Colorado marijuana businessman, said that even a few years ago local politicians were anxious not to be publicly linked with cannabis and would accept donations in cash during backroom meetings while presidential candidates would come nowhere near.
Today, he is donating to candidates at the local, state, and federal level.
"Those backroom meetings don't happen anymore. Now we're in restaurants or hotel penthouses," he said. “The tide has really turned and I think the power of cannabis is going to be a factor in presidential elections going forward.”

Politics of pot: how the US cannabis industry plans to spend big in the 2016 election

martedì 20 novembre 2012

US marijuana legalisation fuels Mexico drugs war debate

Will Mexico's drug cartels see a drop in profits as a result of changes in the US?

Earlier this month, two US states voted to legalise, regulate and tax marijuana. The BBC's Will Grant in Mexico City looks at what this shift in stance could mean for Mexico and its fight against the drug gangs.
On the day voters in Washington state chose to re-elect President Barack Obama, they also chose to legalise the recreational use of marijuana. Over the Rockies in Colorado, it was a similar story.
"What happened in Colorado and Washington was truly revolutionary," says Beau Kilmer, the co-director of the Rand Drug Policy Research Centre in California. "No modern country has ever removed the prohibition on the production and distribution of marijuana for non-medical purposes."
When the measure comes into effect in Colorado in early December, it will be legal to possess 1oz (28g) of marijuana if you are over 21; it will be legal to grow up to six marijuana plants in your house; and it will be legal to give away up to 1oz.
There are still complex questions about creating a regulatory framework for the production and distribution of the drug, which may take at least another year.
Needless to say, such a move puts the two states on a legal collision course with the federal government and its drug enforcement policies. But Dr Kilmer believes it is a mistake to view the Obama administration as a single entity in this regard.
"At this point no-one knows how the federal government is going to respond to these two states. But it's important that we don't think of it as a homogenous actor."

The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), the US Attorney-General's office and the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) all have a degree of jurisdiction, and discretion, over these issues, Dr Kilmer points out.
Use of force Meanwhile, thousands of kilometres away, in a "smoke shop" in Mexico City, the news of Colorado and Washington's decision has been warmly welcomed. Surrounded by glass cabinets full of expensive-looking vaporiser, the proprietor tells me that many of his customers are hoping for a similar law in Mexico.
"People don't want to contribute to the drug cartels' profits any more and I've sold a lot of copies of this recently," he says, holding up a book called The Ecological Cultivation of Cannabis.

The man in Mexico currently leading the charge to change the law is left-wing politician Fernando Belauzaran. He has introduced a bill in Congress along similar lines to the one in Colorado, which would bring marijuana under the same regulation as alcohol.
"What has happened in the US has moved things forward, because this debate is crucial," Mr Belauzaran told the BBC on the day he formally presented the proposal.
"We need to ask if it makes sense to carry on with this full-frontal military campaign which has generated so much destruction and death in our country in order to impede the entrance into the United States of a substance which is now permitted and regulated."
Mr Belauzaran does not necessarily expect his measure to pass in this legislative session. But what is important, he says, is the new discourse on the issue.

In some parts of the US and Mexican media, the decision in Washington state and Colorado has been called a "game-changer" in the bilateral relationship between Mexico and the United States on the war on drugs.
Both the outgoing administration and the incoming one in Mexico have indicated that they expect things to develop with respect to marijuana during President Obama's second term.
Hosting several central American leaders recently, Mexican President Felipe Calderon said the decision in the US was a "change in paradigm" on drug consumption. He called for the United Nations and the Organisation of American States to help clarify the situation.
The new government went even further.
"Obviously, we can't handle a product that is illegal in Mexico, trying to stop its transfer to the United States, when in the United States - at least in part of the United States - it now has a different status," Luis Videgaray, President-elect Enrique Pena Nieto's top adviser, told journalists.
But it is not just in Mexico that the debate on marijuana is shifting. Uruguay too, under left-wing President Jose Mujica, is moving to put the state in charge of regulating the cultivation and consumption of legal cannabis.
Continent-wide, there are obviously many discussions still to be had.
Advocates and opponents disagree about the extent to which legalisation of marijuana would hurt the drug cartels' profits - some quoting figures in the billions, others in the mere tens of millions. And there is still a long way to go before President Obama formulates a coherent response to the voters' decision in the two states.
But amid the smoke and mirrors, one thing seems clear: when it comes to marijuana in the Americas, the seeds of change have been sown.

US marijuana legalisation fuels Mexico drugs war debate

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